Electro‐optical spiking neural networks using an enhanced optical axon with pulse amplitude modulation and automatic gain controller

Abstract Visible light communication can be leveraged to establish a wireless link between neurons in spiking networks even when neural areas are relative motions. In electro‐optical (SNN), parallel transmission is often achieved through wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). However, WDM prohibitive certain applications due the need for multiple narrow‐band transmitters and receivers with optical bandpass filters. Instead of WDM, an alternative approach using non‐orthogonal access explored (NOMA) pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme axons enable paths SNN. To evaluate NOMA PAM, authors implement SNN that controls force two anthropomorphic fingers actuated by shape memory alloy‐based actuators. An reference channel used dynamically adjust receiver's gain improve decoding performance. Experimental results demonstrate maintain control over hold object under varying conditions. Hence, proposed system offers robustness against dynamic channels induced motion neurons.